ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the correlation between C-peptide level and autonomic neuropathy in diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h-PG) and fasting C-peptide (FC-P) were detected in 124 T2DM patients. The Neuropad was used to test functions of sudomotor nerves in foot. Patients were divided into two groups:diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) group and non-autonomic neuropathy group (NDAN) according to the results of functions of sudomotor nerves in foot. Values of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, FBG, 2 h-PG and FC-P were compared between the two groups. The Pearson correlation analysis was carried out between the indexes mentioned above and the time for completing color change of Neuro-pad. Results There were no significant differences in gender, age, FBG and 2 h-PG between two groups (P>0.05). The FC-P level was (1.07 ± 0.75)nmol/L in DAN group, which was significantly lower than that in NDAN group (1.43 ± 1.00) nmol/L (P > 0.05). The time for completing color change of Neuropad was negatively correlated with C-peptide. Conclu-sion The autonomic nerve functions in diabetic foot is closely related with C-peptide. It is inferred that C-peptide may have protective effect on autonomic nerves in diabetic foot.
ABSTRACT
In patients with diabetes, glucose fluctuations, insulin resistance, poor circulation, and likely immune damage can easily lead to infections. Splenic abscess is rare in diabetic patients and is associated with a high mortality rate. Type 2 diabetes causes increased risks of splenic abscess, and timely and effective treatment can lower the mortality rate. We report here a case of type 2 diabetes complicated by multiple splenic abscesses.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Abscess , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Splenic DiseasesABSTRACT
Objective To observe the changes in proliferative capability of remnant tumors implanted in rabbit breast after ablation with high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU). Methods Rabbit implanted models were established by implanting VX_2 tumor mass into the breast of New Zealand rabbits.HIFU was applied to the tumors,and the remnant tumors were harvested by controlling temperature around probe of tumors.Fifty-six rabbits were randomly divided into control group (n=10)and HIFU group(n=40).The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)was detected by immunohistochemistry at different time points after ablation,and the survival time and organ metastasis status were observed after ablation. Results After ablation in HIFU group,the positive expression of PCNA was decreased shortly in remnant tumors,and restored to the level before ablation 21 days after treatment.The survival time in HIFU group was much longer than that in control group,and the time of lung and abdominal viscera metastasis in HIFU group appeared significantly later than that in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Though HIFU ablation can not completely eradicate tumor after one treatment,the growth and metastasis of remnant tumors can be effectively inhibited for a short time,and HIFU ablation can prolong the survival time.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the pathological changes of VX2 implanted breast cancer ablated by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in rabbits. Methods:Thirty-six rabbits implanted VX2 breast carcinoma were randomly divided into treatment group (n=24) and control group (n=12) two weeks after implantation. HIFU ablation was performed in the treatment group guided by ultrasound B. The pathological changes were observed under light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin staining and then observed under electron microscope. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was measured. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results:Histopathologic observation found that the morphological features and nucleus karyotypes of tumor cells had no significant changes, but vacuole-like structure appeared in cytoplasm. Typical coagulation necrosis of tumor cells were observed under electron microscope. SDH activity detection showed that tumor cells were inactivated. The expressions of PCNA was positive in control group and negative in treatment group. Conclusion:Electron microscopy, enzyme property test, and immunohistochemistry verified that VX2 implanted breast cancer cells were dead after HIFU ablation in rabbits.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the histopathological changes of transplanted rabbit breast tumor treated with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).Methods:Forty-two experimental rabbits were divided into HIFU group (n=35)and control group(n=7),HIFU ablation was completely performed in the HIFU group with ultrasound imaging guidance,and the pathological changes were examined immediately and on 1st,3rd,7th,14th,21st,28th day after HIFU treatment.Results:The target area of tumor appeared gray immediately after HIFU treatment;the morphology and arrangement of the cellular nucleus showed no obvious alteration in HE stained sections after HIFU ablation;however,electron microscopy revealed that the cellular membrane and nuclear membrane was rupturing,cell organelle destructed and appearance of vacuolus without membrane in cytoplasm;Enzyme histochemical staining showed that the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)in target area of tumor disappeared,also the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)was negative examined by using immunohistochemical staining,suggesting the death of tumor cells;The coagulative tissue got liquefied and absorbed with the extension of time,then it was substituted by fibrous tissue finally. Conclusion:HIFU can effectively destroy the transplanted rabbit breast tumor,it provided referred value for clinical application of HIFU in the treatment of breast cancer.